feat(detect): 固定 160x160 输入，只用裁剪与镜像填充，禁止缩放
产线要求送进模型的图固定为 N×N 且不许 resize——缺陷的绝对尺度是判别依据， 拉伸会把"5 像素的黑点"变成别的东西。 - engine/tiling.py：切片几何。边长 < N 镜像填充（reflect，真镜像，原图居中）； 边长 >= N 按步长裁剪、末片贴边保证全覆盖。框跟着平移裁剪，露出面积低于 min_visibility 的丢弃；to_source 反向映射供推理时拼回原图。 - scripts/tile_dataset.py：整套数据集转换。有框图切出的空片会爆量 （524x959 能切 24 片），用 --max-empty-ratio 限量；原本无框的真负样本不受限。 - 训练配置 imgsz 改 160，并显式关掉 scale 与 translate——ultralytics 的默认值是 0.5 / 0.1 而不是 0，不写出来等于一直在做仿射缩放，违反约束。 尺寸正好等于 imgsz 时 letterbox 退化为空操作（r=1、dw=dh=0），核对过源码。 合成数据上验证：所有片正好 160x160、框区域与原图逐像素一致、填充是真镜像。 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Shaun Zhou
co-authored by
Claude Opus 5
Claude Opus 5
parent
1684fddd7f
commit
2a92275317
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""把 YOLO 数据集切成固定边长的方片，只用裁剪与镜像填充，不做任何缩放。
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uv run python scripts/tile_dataset.py \\
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--data data/film_yolo/data.yaml --out data/film_yolo_160 --size 160
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产线要求送进模型的图固定为 N×N 且禁止 resize。这一步把训练数据转成同样的形态：
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- 边长 < N 的图**镜像填充**到 N，原图居中；
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- 边长 ≥ N 的图按步长**裁剪**成多片，末片贴边，整图都被覆盖；
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- 框跟着平移/裁剪，露出面积低于 `--min-visibility` 的丢弃。
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尺寸改了（比如将来 160 → 192）重跑一次即可，训练配置里的 `imgsz` 要同步改。
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**空片会爆量**。一张 524×959 的图能切出 24 片，其中大部分没有缺陷。全留下会让负样本
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淹没正样本，所以用 `--max-empty-ratio` 限制：空片数最多是有框片数的这个倍数，超出的
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按固定种子随机丢弃。原本就没有框的图（normal 这类真负样本）不受这个限制，它们本来
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就是要留的。
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import argparse
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import csv
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import json
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import random
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import shutil
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import sys
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from collections import Counter
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from pathlib import Path
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sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]))
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import numpy as np # noqa: E402
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import yaml # noqa: E402
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from datasets.yolo import IMAGE_SUFFIXES, write_classes_txt, write_data_yaml # noqa: E402
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from engine.detection import parse_label # noqa: E402
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from engine.tiling import cut, plan_tiles, remap_boxes # noqa: E402
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from utils import setup_logging # noqa: E402
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logger = None
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def to_yolo_lines(boxes) -> str:
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"""归一化 xyxy -> YOLO 的 `class cx cy w h`。"""
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lines = []
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for box in boxes:
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cx, cy = (box.x1 + box.x2) / 2, (box.y1 + box.y2) / 2
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width, height = box.x2 - box.x1, box.y2 - box.y1
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lines.append(f"{box.class_id} {cx:.6f} {cy:.6f} {width:.6f} {height:.6f}")
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return "".join(f"{line}\n" for line in lines)
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def label_path_for(image: Path) -> Path:
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"""YOLO 约定：路径里的 images/ 换成 labels/，后缀换成 .txt。"""
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parts = list(image.parts)
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for index in range(len(parts) - 1, -1, -1):
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if parts[index] == "images":
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parts[index] = "labels"
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break
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return Path(*parts).with_suffix(".txt")
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def main() -> int:
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global logger
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
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)
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parser.add_argument("--data", required=True, help="源数据集的 data.yaml")
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parser.add_argument("--out", required=True, help="输出目录")
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parser.add_argument("--size", type=int, default=160, help="片的边长，默认 160")
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parser.add_argument(
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"--overlap", type=int, default=0,
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help="相邻片的重叠像素。大于 0 可减少缺陷被切断的概率，代价是片数变多",
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--min-visibility", type=float, default=0.3,
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help="框落在片内的面积占比下限，低于它就丢弃这个框",
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--max-empty-ratio", type=float, default=1.0,
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help="有框图切出的空片，最多保留到有框片数的这个倍数；<0 表示全留",
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)
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parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="丢弃空片时的随机种子")
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parser.add_argument("--overwrite", action="store_true")
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parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", help="只统计，不写文件")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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logger = setup_logging()
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data_yaml = Path(args.data)
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meta = yaml.safe_load(data_yaml.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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names = meta["names"]
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classes = [names[i] for i in sorted(names)] if isinstance(names, dict) else list(names)
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root = Path(meta.get("path", data_yaml.parent))
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if not root.is_absolute():
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root = (data_yaml.parent / root).resolve()
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out_dir = Path(args.out)
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from PIL import Image
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splits = {
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split: sorted(
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p for p in (root / meta[split]).iterdir() if p.suffix.lower() in IMAGE_SUFFIXES
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)
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for split in ("train", "val")
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if meta.get(split) and (root / meta[split]).is_dir()
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}
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if not splits:
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logger.error("%s 里没有可用的 train / val", data_yaml)
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return 1
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logger.info(
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"源数据集 %s：%s；目标边长 %d，重叠 %d",
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data_yaml, "，".join(f"{k} {len(v)} 张" for k, v in splits.items()), args.size, args.overlap,
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)
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if not args.dry_run:
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if out_dir.exists() and any(out_dir.iterdir()):
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if not args.overwrite:
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logger.error("%s 已存在且非空；确认要覆盖请加 --overwrite", out_dir)
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return 1
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shutil.rmtree(out_dir)
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rng = random.Random(args.seed)
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rows = []
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stats: Counter[str] = Counter()
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per_class: Counter[str] = Counter()
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sizes_seen: Counter[str] = Counter()
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for split, images in splits.items():
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for source in images:
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with Image.open(source) as handle:
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image = handle.convert("L") if handle.mode == "L" else handle.convert("RGB")
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width, height = image.size
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array = np.asarray(image)
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label_file = label_path_for(source)
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boxes = parse_label(label_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if label_file.exists() else []
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tiles = plan_tiles(width, height, args.size, args.overlap)
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sizes_seen["填充" if width < args.size or height < args.size else "裁剪"] += 1
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stats["源图"] += 1
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positives, empties = [], []
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for index, tile in enumerate(tiles):
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mapped = remap_boxes(boxes, tile, width, height, args.size, args.min_visibility)
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(positives if mapped else empties).append((index, tile, mapped))
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# 原本就没有框的图是真负样本，整张都要留；有框的图切出的空片才限量
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if boxes and args.max_empty_ratio >= 0:
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allowed = int(len(positives) * args.max_empty_ratio)
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if len(empties) > allowed:
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stats["丢弃的空片"] += len(empties) - allowed
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empties = rng.sample(empties, allowed)
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for index, tile, mapped in sorted(positives + empties):
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name = f"{source.stem}_t{index:02d}"
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stats["产出片"] += 1
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stats["有框片" if mapped else "空片"] += 1
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for box in mapped:
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per_class[classes[box.class_id]] += 1
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rows.append({
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"split": split, "tile": f"{name}.png", "source": source.name,
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"x": tile.x, "y": tile.y,
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"pad_left": tile.pad_left, "pad_top": tile.pad_top,
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"crop_width": tile.crop_width, "crop_height": tile.crop_height,
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"boxes": len(mapped),
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})
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if args.dry_run:
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continue
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patch = cut(array, tile, args.size)
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image_path = out_dir / "images" / split / f"{name}.png"
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image_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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Image.fromarray(patch).save(image_path)
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label_out = out_dir / "labels" / split / f"{name}.txt"
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label_out.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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label_out.write_text(to_yolo_lines(mapped), encoding="utf-8")
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if stats["源图"] % 2000 == 0:
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logger.info("处理 [%d] 已产出 %d 片", stats["源图"], stats["产出片"])
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logger.info(
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"源图 %d（其中 %d 张靠镜像填充、%d 张需裁剪）-> 片 %d（有框 %d，空 %d，丢弃空片 %d）",
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stats["源图"], sizes_seen["填充"], sizes_seen["裁剪"], stats["产出片"],
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stats["有框片"], stats["空片"], stats["丢弃的空片"],
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)
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logger.info("逐类框数: %s", dict(sorted(per_class.items())))
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if args.dry_run:
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logger.info("--dry-run：未写入任何文件")
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return 0
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write_data_yaml(out_dir / "data.yaml", classes, root=out_dir.resolve(),
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train="images/train", val="images/val")
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write_classes_txt(out_dir / "classes.txt", classes)
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with (out_dir / "tiles.csv").open("w", encoding="utf-8-sig", newline="") as handle:
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writer = csv.DictWriter(handle, fieldnames=list(rows[0]))
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writer.writeheader()
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writer.writerows(rows)
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(out_dir / "summary.json").write_text(
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json.dumps(
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{
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"source": str(data_yaml.resolve()),
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"size": args.size, "overlap": args.overlap,
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"min_visibility": args.min_visibility,
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"max_empty_ratio": args.max_empty_ratio, "seed": args.seed,
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"counts": dict(stats), "per_class_boxes": dict(per_class),
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"source_images_padded": sizes_seen["填充"],
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"source_images_cropped": sizes_seen["裁剪"],
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},
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ensure_ascii=False, indent=2,
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),
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encoding="utf-8",
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)
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logger.info("完成 -> %s（tiles.csv 记录每片对应的原图与偏移）", out_dir)
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logger.info("训练时把 configs/detect 里的 imgsz 改成 %d，并确认 scale/translate 为 0", args.size)
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return 0
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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raise SystemExit(main())
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