Files
ModelTrainEval/engine/trainer.py
T
Shaun ZhouandClaude Opus 5 141cb907f2 feat: 支持 cuda / mps / cpu 三后端,Mac 上可用 MPS 训练
移除"训练必须有 Nvidia GPU"的硬性守卫,改为按后端能力分派。

- utils/device: resolve_device("auto") 按 cuda > mps > cpu 挑最快的可用后端;
  显式指定不可用的后端时直接报错,不会悄悄退回 CPU——训练慢几十倍却不吭声是最坏的情况
- AMP 随后端取默认值:CUDA 开、MPS 关。MPS 上 autocast 数值正常但实测更慢
  (tiny_conv @128²:fp32 76 ms/步、fp16 90 ms、bf16 108 ms),需要时 amp: true 可强开
- PeakMemory 统一显存峰值统计:CUDA 读内置计数器,MPS 无峰值 API 改用逐 step 采样
  (是下界,日志与产出里已标注)
- profile_inference 支持 MPS,并提示 torch.profiler 没有 MPS 的 ProfilerActivity,
  算子明细只反映 CPU 侧下发耗时
- train.py / eval.py 新增 --device,配置默认改为 auto
- check_env 改为列出全部可用后端与 auto 的选择结果

实测:tiny_conv 训练在 MPS 上比 CPU 快约 32 倍。

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-02 21:43:35 +08:00

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"""训练循环。支持 cuda / mps / cpu 三种后端。"""
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import time
from collections.abc import Mapping
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from engine.checkpoint import save_checkpoint
from engine.evaluator import Evaluator, _to_device
from engine.losses import DetectionLoss
from engine.metrics import AverageMeter
from engine.optim import build_optimizer, build_scheduler
from engine.visualizer import SwanLabLogger
from utils.device import PeakMemory, resolve_amp
from utils.labels import MULTILABEL
from utils.logging import get_logger
logger = get_logger("engine.trainer")
class Trainer:
"""Args:
model: 已经 `.to(device)` 的模型。
train_loader / val_loader: 数据加载器,val 可为 None。
cfg: `train` 段配置(epochs / optimizer / scheduler / amp / ...)。
work_dir: 日志与权重输出目录。
"""
def __init__(
self,
model: nn.Module,
train_loader: DataLoader,
val_loader: DataLoader | None,
cfg: Mapping[str, Any],
device: torch.device,
work_dir: str | Path,
full_config: dict | None = None,
) -> None:
self.model = model
self.train_loader = train_loader
self.val_loader = val_loader
self.cfg = dict(cfg)
self.device = device
self.work_dir = Path(work_dir)
self.work_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.full_config = full_config
self.epochs = int(self.cfg.get("epochs", 50))
self.log_interval = int(self.cfg.get("log_interval", 20))
self.clip_grad = float(self.cfg.get("clip_grad", 0.0))
self.monitor = str(self.cfg.get("monitor", "f1"))
# 分类损失形式跟随模型的 label_mode(yaml 里的 label_mode 决定多类 / 单类)。
loss_cfg = dict(self.cfg.get("loss", {}))
loss_cfg.setdefault("label_mode", getattr(model, "label_mode", MULTILABEL))
self.criterion = DetectionLoss(**loss_cfg)
self.optimizer = build_optimizer(model, self.cfg.get("optimizer", {"name": "adamw", "lr": 1e-3}))
self.scheduler = build_scheduler(self.optimizer, self.cfg.get("scheduler"), self.epochs)
# amp: auto 时随后端(CUDA 开、MPS 关——MPS 上 autocast 实测比 fp32 慢)
self.amp = resolve_amp(self.cfg.get("amp", "auto"), device)
self.scaler = torch.amp.GradScaler(device.type, enabled=self.amp)
self.peak_memory = PeakMemory(device)
self.evaluator = (
Evaluator(
model,
val_loader,
device,
criterion=self.criterion,
**dict(self.cfg.get("eval", {})),
)
if val_loader is not None
else None
)
self.visualizer = SwanLabLogger(
work_dir=self.work_dir,
config=full_config,
**dict(self.cfg.get("swanlab", {})),
)
self.best_metric = float("-inf")
self.start_epoch = 0
self.global_step = 0
def train_one_epoch(self, epoch: int) -> dict[str, float]:
self.model.train()
meters: dict[str, AverageMeter] = {}
start = time.time()
for step, batch in enumerate(self.train_loader):
batch = _to_device(batch, self.device)
with torch.amp.autocast(self.device.type, enabled=self.amp):
outputs = self.model(batch["images"])
losses = self.criterion(outputs, batch)
self.optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
self.scaler.scale(losses["total"]).backward()
if self.clip_grad > 0:
self.scaler.unscale_(self.optimizer)
nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.model.parameters(), self.clip_grad)
self.scaler.step(self.optimizer)
self.scaler.update()
batch_size = batch["images"].shape[0]
step_losses = {key: float(value.detach()) for key, value in losses.items()}
for key, value in step_losses.items():
meters.setdefault(key, AverageMeter()).update(value, batch_size)
self.global_step += 1
if step % self.log_interval == 0:
self.visualizer.log(
{**step_losses, "lr": self.optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"]},
step=self.global_step,
prefix="train/",
)
summary = " ".join(f"{k}={m.avg:.4f}" for k, m in meters.items())
logger.info(
"epoch %d [%d/%d] lr=%.2e %s",
epoch,
step,
len(self.train_loader),
self.optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"],
summary,
)
logger.info("epoch %d 训练耗时 %.1fs", epoch, time.time() - start)
return {key: meter.avg for key, meter in meters.items()}
def _gpu_memory(self) -> dict[str, float]:
"""本轮训练的显存峰值(GB);推理端的详细分析见 scripts/profile_inference.py。
CUDA 读内置峰值计数器;MPS 没有峰值 API,用逐 step 采样的最大值(是下界);
CPU 不统计。
"""
if self.device.type == "cpu":
return {}
stats = {
"gpu_mem_allocated_gb": self.peak_memory.peak_mb / 1024,
"gpu_mem_reserved_gb": self.peak_memory.reserved_mb / 1024,
}
self.peak_memory.reset()
return stats
def fit(self) -> float:
logger.info("开始训练:共 %d 个 epoch,输出目录 %s", self.epochs, self.work_dir)
for epoch in range(self.start_epoch, self.epochs):
train_metrics = self.train_one_epoch(epoch)
if self.scheduler is not None:
self.scheduler.step()
metrics: dict[str, float] = {}
if self.evaluator is not None:
metrics = self.evaluator.evaluate()
logger.info(
"epoch %d 验证: %s",
epoch,
" ".join(f"{k}={v:.4f}" for k, v in metrics.items()),
)
self.visualizer.log(
{
**{f"train/epoch_{k}": v for k, v in train_metrics.items()},
**{f"val/{k}": v for k, v in metrics.items()},
**{f"train/{k}": v for k, v in self._gpu_memory().items()},
"epoch": epoch,
},
step=self.global_step,
)
save_checkpoint(
self.work_dir / "last.pth",
self.model,
self.optimizer,
epoch=epoch,
best_metric=self.best_metric,
config=self.full_config,
)
score = metrics.get(self.monitor)
if score is not None and score > self.best_metric:
self.best_metric = score
save_checkpoint(
self.work_dir / "best.pth",
self.model,
self.optimizer,
epoch=epoch,
best_metric=self.best_metric,
config=self.full_config,
)
logger.info("epoch %d 刷新最佳 %s=%.4f,已保存 best.pth", epoch, self.monitor, score)
if math.isfinite(self.best_metric):
self.visualizer.log({f"best_{self.monitor}": self.best_metric}, step=self.global_step)
self.visualizer.finish()
return self.best_metric