feat(utils): 配置继承、注册表、日志与 Nvidia GPU 守卫

- config: yaml `_base_` 继承 + 深度合并 + 命令行 `--set a.b.c=value` 覆盖，检测循环引用
- registry: 组件按名注册与构建，模型/数据集共用
- device: require_cuda() 守卫，按 CLAUDE.md 约定禁止在无 Nvidia GPU 的设备上训练；
  评估与导出走 resolve_device() 允许 CPU
- labels: multilabel / multiclass 两种图像级标签形式的共用定义
- logging / seed: 控制台+文件日志、随机种子与 cudnn 确定性

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

utils/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""YAML 配置加载：支持 `_base_` 继承、深度合并与命令行点号覆盖。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import yaml
+
+BASE_KEY = "_base_"
+
+
+class Config(dict):
+    """行为与 dict 一致，额外支持 `cfg.train.lr` 式属性访问。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        for key, value in list(self.items()):
+            if isinstance(value, Mapping) and not isinstance(value, Config):
+                self[key] = Config(value)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return self[item]
+        except KeyError as exc:  # pragma: no cover - 仅用于更友好的报错
+            raise AttributeError(item) from exc
+
+    def get_path(self, dotted: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        node: Any = self
+        for part in dotted.split("."):
+            if not isinstance(node, Mapping) or part not in node:
+                return default
+            node = node[part]
+        return node
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        def unwrap(value: Any) -> Any:
+            if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+                return {k: unwrap(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                return [unwrap(v) for v in value]
+            return value
+
+        return unwrap(self)
+
+    def dump(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
+        Path(path).write_text(
+            yaml.safe_dump(self.to_dict(), allow_unicode=True, sort_keys=False),
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+
+
+def deep_merge(base: Mapping, override: Mapping) -> dict:
+    """递归合并；override 中的标量/列表直接覆盖 base。"""
+    merged = dict(base)
+    for key, value in override.items():
+        if key in merged and isinstance(merged[key], Mapping) and isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            merged[key] = deep_merge(merged[key], value)
+        else:
+            merged[key] = value
+    return merged
+
+
+def _load_raw(path: Path, seen: set[Path]) -> dict:
+    path = path.resolve()
+    if path in seen:
+        raise ValueError(f"配置 `{BASE_KEY}` 出现循环引用: {path}")
+    seen.add(path)
+
+    data = yaml.safe_load(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) or {}
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise TypeError(f"配置文件必须是映射: {path}")
+
+    bases = data.pop(BASE_KEY, [])
+    if isinstance(bases, str):
+        bases = [bases]
+
+    merged: dict = {}
+    for base in bases:
+        base_path = (path.parent / base).resolve()
+        merged = deep_merge(merged, _load_raw(base_path, set(seen)))
+    return deep_merge(merged, data)
+
+
+def parse_override(item: str) -> tuple[str, Any]:
+    """解析 `train.lr=1e-3`，值按 Python 字面量尝试转换，失败则保留字符串。"""
+    if "=" not in item:
+        raise ValueError(f"覆盖项格式应为 key=value，收到: {item}")
+    key, raw = item.split("=", 1)
+    try:
+        value = ast.literal_eval(raw)
+    except (ValueError, SyntaxError):
+        value = raw
+    return key.strip(), value
+
+
+def apply_overrides(cfg: dict, overrides: Iterable[str]) -> dict:
+    for item in overrides:
+        key, value = parse_override(item)
+        parts = key.split(".")
+        node = cfg
+        for part in parts[:-1]:
+            nxt = node.get(part)
+            if not isinstance(nxt, dict):
+                nxt = {}
+                node[part] = nxt
+            node = nxt
+        node[parts[-1]] = value
+    return cfg
+
+
+def load_config(path: str | Path, overrides: Iterable[str] = ()) -> Config:
+    cfg = _load_raw(Path(path), set())
+    cfg = apply_overrides(cfg, overrides)
+    cfg.setdefault("config_path", str(Path(path).resolve()))
+    return Config(cfg)