feat(utils): 配置继承、注册表、日志与 Nvidia GPU 守卫

- config: yaml `_base_` 继承 + 深度合并 + 命令行 `--set a.b.c=value` 覆盖，检测循环引用
- registry: 组件按名注册与构建，模型/数据集共用
- device: require_cuda() 守卫，按 CLAUDE.md 约定禁止在无 Nvidia GPU 的设备上训练；
  评估与导出走 resolve_device() 允许 CPU
- labels: multilabel / multiclass 两种图像级标签形式的共用定义
- logging / seed: 控制台+文件日志、随机种子与 cudnn 确定性

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

utils/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""日志：控制台 + 可选文件输出。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+_FORMAT = "[%(asctime)s][%(levelname)s][%(name)s] %(message)s"
+_DATEFMT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+
+
+def setup_logging(log_file: str | Path | None = None, level: int | str = logging.INFO) -> logging.Logger:
+    root = logging.getLogger("mte")
+    root.setLevel(level)
+    root.handlers.clear()
+    root.propagate = False
+
+    formatter = logging.Formatter(_FORMAT, datefmt=_DATEFMT)
+
+    stream = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
+    stream.setFormatter(formatter)
+    root.addHandler(stream)
+
+    if log_file is not None:
+        path = Path(log_file)
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        file_handler = logging.FileHandler(path, encoding="utf-8")
+        file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+        root.addHandler(file_handler)
+
+    return root
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str = "mte") -> logging.Logger:
+    return logging.getLogger(name if name.startswith("mte") else f"mte.{name}")