feat(utils): 配置继承、注册表、日志与 Nvidia GPU 守卫

- config: yaml `_base_` 继承 + 深度合并 + 命令行 `--set a.b.c=value` 覆盖，检测循环引用
- registry: 组件按名注册与构建，模型/数据集共用
- device: require_cuda() 守卫，按 CLAUDE.md 约定禁止在无 Nvidia GPU 的设备上训练；
  评估与导出走 resolve_device() 允许 CPU
- labels: multilabel / multiclass 两种图像级标签形式的共用定义
- logging / seed: 控制台+文件日志、随机种子与 cudnn 确定性

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

utils/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""极简注册表：按名字注册 / 构建模型、数据集等组件。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Registry:
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self._entries: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] = {}
+
+    def register(self, name: str | None = None) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+        """装饰器；`name` 缺省时使用被装饰对象的 __name__。"""
+
+        def wrapper(obj: T) -> T:
+            key = name or getattr(obj, "__name__", None)
+            if key is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"无法推断注册名: {obj!r}")
+            if key in self._entries:
+                raise KeyError(f"{self.name} 中已存在同名条目: {key}")
+            self._entries[key] = obj  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            return obj
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+        if name not in self._entries:
+            raise KeyError(f"{self.name} 中找不到 '{name}'，可用: {sorted(self._entries)}")
+        return self._entries[name]
+
+    def build(self, cfg: dict, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        """按 `{"name": ..., 其余作为构造参数}` 构建对象。"""
+        cfg = dict(cfg)
+        name = cfg.pop("name", None)
+        if name is None:
+            raise KeyError(f"构建 {self.name} 需要 'name' 字段: {cfg}")
+        return self.get(name)(**{**cfg, **kwargs})
+
+    def __contains__(self, name: object) -> bool:
+        return name in self._entries
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._entries)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._entries)